Book Review a History of Women in America free essay sample

Book Review: A History of Women in America From the beginning of time, women have subtly shaped the history of the human race. Just by operating under social normality or defying it, a woman can cause a movement. In Carol Hymowitz and Michaele Weissman’s book, A History of Women in America, they focus on the more modern changes women have had on history rather than focusing more on the impact women had on the foundation of the United States. While men carried out much of the remembered history of the founding of the United States, women were behind them. In fact, women were the reason that the British colony even lasted, unlike the first attempts such as Roanoke. At the time women were viewed as the weaker sex, this gave the men a reason to build a permanent, safe place to sleep and live. Both authors said, â€Å"In a totally undeveloped and sparsely populated land, the labor of ever able-bodied settler was desperately needed, and a women’s traditional work –providing food, clothing, shelter, and the rudiments of hygiene – was essential to survival† (2), because at the time men did not learn such things and like with Roanoke they would have failed without women. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review: a History of Women in America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While the environment remained harsh, women and men worked together to stabilize the world around them. From those hostile homes turned to calm cottages and as their home environment became more stable women received freedoms that some women of the suffrage would envy, but once it came to law and politics women were once again merely the property of their husbands and less than a person under law. Later in colonial period, the depressing duties of housewifery varied from region to region creating identity among the regions. The wives of southern planters rarely did their own weaving and spinning, while in the northern colonies these tasks took up many hours of a woman† (4) shows some of the diversity and women in the southern colonies took up herbal remedies and nursing, but the basics of each chore stems from housekeeping. Although these kinds of responsibilities carry over to future generations, modern technologies made the chores easier and less strenuous that helped women a dvocate for official rights. However, colonial homemakers did have some power in finances, the family business, and legal business and learn to perform their husbands’ trade none of these freedoms existed in law, but they were excepted in America. The two authors mention a woman, Margret Brent, who owned part of a business, and part of a school, and then went into politics. However, bias against women eventually caused people to turn on her. The treatment of colonial women never passed either extreme of accepting or repulsion, but when punishment became part of the question, the penalty was skewed. A woman was punished if she was pregnant before marriage but the father of the child was mostly unaffected. The politician Margret Brent was punished more harshly because she was a woman. The treatment of these women during engagement or pursuit was gentler than one would expect, more so in the upper class citizens, the women were not inferior until after marriage. Divorces existed in the colonies, but â€Å"for the most part social pressures against it were so extreme and grounds so difficult to obtain that in practice it was not a real option. †(12) So to get away from the bad marriages women would run away and start a new life elsewhere. Then during the revolutionary war, and wars after it, women experienced more social freedoms. These freedoms could lead them into battle with their husbands or waiting in the cities to tend to the wounded. The colonial women helped establish a great nation and there for deserve much more credit than they often receive. They felt the intense hardships of the long voyage, then the harsh land and still were able to create a thriving new world. Men may have more moments that are memorable in history, but the women behind those men often give more effort.

Understanding and Defining White Privilege

Understanding and Defining White Privilege White privilege refers to the collection of benefits that white people receive in a racially structured society in which they are at the top of the racial hierarchy. Made famous by scholar and activist Peggy McIntosh in 1988, the concept includes everything from whiteness being equated with being normal and native to the U.S. to being represented in the media, being trusted, and easily finding makeup products for ones skin tone. While some might view some of these privileges as trivial, its important to recognize that no form of privilege comes without its counterpart: oppression. White Privilege According to Peggy McIntosh In 1988, Peggy McIntosh, a women’s studies scholar with sociological inclinations, penned an essay and cemented a concept that has become a mainstay for the sociology of race and ethnicity. â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack,† provided real-world, tangible examples of a concept and social fact that had been acknowledged and discussed by others, but never before in such a compelling way. At the heart of the concept  is the assertion that, in a racist society, white skin confers on those who live in it an extensive array of unearned privileges not available to people of color. White privilege is for the most part invisible to those who have it and unacknowledged by them. McIntoshs list of fifty privileges includes things like regularly being surrounded - in everyday life and in media representations - by people who look like you, and the ability to avoid those who do not; not being  interpersonally or institutionally discriminated against on the basis of race; never feeling afraid to defend oneself or speak out against injustice for fear of racially motivated retaliation; and, being viewed as normal and belonging, among others. The key point made by McIntosh’s list of privileges is that they are not typically available to or experienced by people of color in the U.S. In other words, they experience racial oppression and white people benefit from this. By illuminating the many forms that white privilege takes, McIntosh urges readers to exercise a sociological imagination. She asks us to consider how our individual life experiences are connected to and situated within large-scale patterns and trends in society. In this sense, seeing and understanding white privilege is not about blaming white people for having unearned advantages. Rather, the point of reflecting on one’s white privilege is to recognize that the social relations of race and the racial structure of society have created conditions in which one race has been advantaged over others, and that many aspects of everyday life that white people take for granted are not even available to people of color. Further, McIntosh suggests that white people have a responsibility to be conscious of their privileges and a responsibility to reject and diminish them as much as possible. Understanding Privilege in the Greater Sense Since McIntosh solidified this concept, social scientists and activists have expanded the conversation around privilege to include things like sex, gender, ability, culture, nationality, and class. This expanded understanding of privilege is premised on the concept of intersectionality popularized by black feminist sociologist Patricia Hill Collins. This concept refers to the fact that individuals in society are simultaneously recognized as, classified by, and interacted with on the basis of a variety of social characteristics, including and not limited to race, sex, gender, sexuality, ability, class, and nationality. Thus, our everyday life experiences are shaped by all of these things. In terms of privilege, then, sociologists today consider a variety of social characteristics and classifications when determining the level of privilege one possesses at any given moment. White Privilege Today Yet, in societies fundamentally structured by race, understanding one’s white privilege, regardless of other social characteristics or positions one embodies, is still deeply important. And, given that the meaning of race and the forms that racism takes are ever-evolving in the process of racial formation, it is important to update our sociological understanding of how white privilege has changed over time. While McIntoshs descriptions of white privilege are still perfectly relevant, there are some additional ways in which it manifests today, like: The ability to speak and write from an unchallenged position of authority (see, for instance, commenters online);The ability to hold onto wealth during economic crisis (Black and Latino families lost far more wealth during the home foreclosure crisis than did white families);Protection from experiencing the brunt of negative implications of climate change (economically vulnerable and politically unstable populations, mostly people of color in the global south, are disproportionally affected);Protection from the lowest wages and most dangerous labor conditions cultivated by the globalization of production;Being able to deny that racism exists;Believing in and cultivating sympathy from others for â€Å"reverse racism;Being unconcerned with the racial implications of political candidates one supports;Believing you worked hard for and earned everything you have without receiving any help or advantages;Believing that people of color who have achieved success have been given racially moti vated advantages; The ability to adopt a victim status rather than engaging in critical self-reflection when accused of racism;Believing it is acceptable to be â€Å"ironically† racist;Believing that people need to â€Å"get over it† or â€Å"move on† when they point out racism; and,The belief that cultural products and practices that come from communities of color are yours for the taking. There are many other ways in which white privilege manifests today - take a moment to think about the forms of privilege you can see in your life or in the lives of those around you.

Innovation article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Innovation article review - Essay Example The foremost step in the process of designing the innovation strategies requires outlining the targets and goals of the company. To apprehend what the company’s core constitutes of. To realize the type of business they are working in and sketch their strategic plans according to that. The next step that comprises of implementing the innovation process, calls for a rigorous scan of the market opportunities. The companies should turn to their best and the worst customers. Then they should analyze that percentile of the public that is not attracted to their products at all. The barriers constraining that part of population should be evaluated. And the problems they are facing should act as the blue prints for the innovation process. In reference to the hindrances and obstacles, ideas are to be generated and an innovation structure is to be built upon them. The structure should define the strategic goals, training programs, internal coaches, and growth boards, while innovative incubators and capital ventures could spread the ideas to a commercial level. Finally the last step asks for investments in innovative systems. A number of myriad systems consist of: Portfolio planning mechanisms, facilitating critical resource-allocation decisions, market insight processes human resource policies, innovation-friendly measurement systems and many more. The author of the article provides meticulous arguments in relation to innovation and its strategies. He also provided detailed information about the all the structures and different systems that entail investments. He is also able to bring consistency to the article, to an extent in the way he carries out the whole innovation process step-by-step and how he outlines the path of innovation by dividing it into four steps and explaining them fully. Also he gives examples of companies

The Organization of African Unity Known as African Union Research Paper - 1

The Organization of African Unity Known as African Union - Research Paper Example So, the role of African Union within the African context is important because it promotes positive change in the society by empowering the people and solving problems. Thesis statement: The organizational setup, responsibilities and social services provided by the African Union proves to be successful within the scenario of social work in Africa (special references to the social services provided by African Union in Africa and its involvement in current issues).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First of all, almost all the African nations have membership in African Union (AU). For instance, excluding Morocco, present strength of the African Union is 53. African Union, a social work organization for creating unity among the African nations was established in the year 2002. Besides, the Organisation of Africa Unity (AOU) was the mother organization of AU. Okoth (2006) opines that â€Å"Some of the guiding principles of the AU are similar to those of its predecessor, the OAU† (p. 325). The organizational set-up of AU is based on centralization and concentration of power which is fully vested in the center but with equal power to the member states. For instance, the decision-making force of AU is the Assembly of the African Union. Badejo (2008) states that â€Å"The AU carries out its business through many organs, agencies, and non-governmental organizations† (p. 39). The Secretariat (say, African Union Commission) of AU is in Addis Ababa, whi ch is situated in Ethiopia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The AU is divided into two bodies: political and administrative.  Ã‚   As pointed out, the decision-making process is principally vested upon the Assembly, which consists of members/representatives from member states. The present chairman is Bingu Mutharika, who represents Malawi. Besides, the representative body of AU, namely Pan African Parliament includes 265 members. Idriss Ndele Moussa is the present president of Pan African Parliament.

Herbert hoover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Herbert hoover - Essay Example His contribution to public service and his humanitarian work during the war became the pride of American people back home. He exhorted his people to economize and save food so that more people could be fed during the great famine of Europe and asserted firmly that even enemies (Russian people) would also be extended help in the form of food supply. When a critic inquired if he was not thus helping Bolshevism, Hoover retorted, ‘Twenty million people are starving. Whatever their politics, they shall be fed!’ (whitehouse.gov). In 1928, he became a natural choice for the republicans for Presidency and was elected with a big margin. Hoover was basically a commoner and a technocrat who had earned his millions, working in mines in different countries of the world. He was dragged into limelight because of his widespread business contacts across world and as an American, he could help Americans who were trapped in the war that had broken out in the Europe. Prior to becoming President, he had extensively served people in various capacity and therefore, when he became president, welfare of the people became his primary concern, especially farmers. His intrinsic belief that as a representative of the people, it was his duty to promote measures that would facilitate people to improve their socio-economic conditions. It was one of the main reasons that his opponents in Congress were often at loggerheads with him he was quite vocal when he perceived that his good work was being sabotaged by others for their own veste d interests. During his presidency, in 1929, America was hit by the worst economic disaster which resulted in the nastiest ever financial meltdown and long economic depression. The stock market crash had the cascading effect with widespread bankruptcy of businesses and banks resulting in huge number of unemployed people. During this time, Hoover encouraged people to remain optimist and work together to help

Conflict Between Western And Islamic Civilizations

Conflict Between Western And Islamic Civilizations Introduction Historically, the conflict between western and Islamic civilizations persisted and 9/11 has widened the gap between western civilization and Islamic world, although the gap could have been closed due to multiculturalism that emerged in the late 20th century. The terror attacks on 9/11 caused severe casualties not only to the US but also to the relationships between average Americans and Arab Americans as well as they have changed the attitude of Americans to the Islamic world at large. Today, Americans tends to associate Arab Americans and the Arab world with terrorism and radical Islamism, which has nothing in common with the real situation in the Arab American community and the Arab world. Hence, the terror attacks on 9/11 have changed relationships between Americans and representatives of the Arab world both in and outside the US and this change has widen the gap between American culture and Arab/Islamic culture. In fact, the terror attacks on 9/11 gave new direction in the develo pment of Orientalism, which is now grounded on the juxtaposition of West and East and, as Said Edward states, shapes the cultural apparatus of Orientalism as a concept associated with aggression, activity, judgment, will-to-truth, and knowledge. Orientalism in the post-9/11 America is the view on Arab Americans and Arab world as hostile, aggressive, and uncontrollable. The relationship between West and East was traditionally the subject to heat debates between philosophers, sociologists, politicians, and other specialists, dealing with relationships between the two civilizations. In this regard, the contemporary relationships between West and East is one of the primary concerns of Said Edward, who develops the concept of Orientalism, which he believes to be a key to understanding of the East, Islamic world and the relationship between West and East. At this point, the question of ethnical prejudice and stereotypes has always been one of the most sharp in contemporary world. The Arabians focused severe mistreatment and misunderstanding. Historically, the conflict between western and Islamic civilizations persisted and 9/11 has widen the gap between western civilization and Islamic world, although the gap could have been closed due to multiculturalism that emerged in the late 20th century. The terror attacks on 9/11 caused severe casualties not only to the US but also to the relationships between average Americans and Arab Americans as well as they have changed the attitude of Americans to the Islamic world at large. Today, Americans tends to associate Arab Americans and the Arab world with terrorism and radical Islamism, which has nothing in common with the real situation in the Arab American community and the Arab world. Hence, the terror attacks on 9/11 have changed relationships between Americans and representatives of the Arab world both in and outside the US and this change has widen the gap between American culture and Arab/Islamic culture. In fact, the terror attacks on 9/11 gave new direction in the development of Orientalism, which is now grounded on the juxtaposition of West and East and, as Said Edward states, shapes the cultural apparatus of Orientalism as a concept associated with aggression, activity, judgment, will-to-truth, and knowledge. Orientalim in the post-9/11 America is the view on Arab Americans and Ara b world as hostile, aggressive, and uncontrollable. Edward Said was the one who deeply investigated this issue and tried to reveal what was the reason of this false perception and why do Western nations could not perceive the Arabian nation in different way. His outstanding work Orientalism, which was released in far 1978 perfectly explains and investigates the relations between the East and the West, as well the history of these prejudice formation. The author called Orientalism, the political doctrine, which mistreat, misunderstand, misinterpret and oppress the Orient (or the East), which is traditionally was referred to as weaker than the West: My contention is that Orientalism is fundamentally a political doctrine willed over the Orient because the Orient was weaker than the West, which elided the Orients difference with its weaknessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ As a cultural apparatus Orientalism is all aggression, activity, judgment, will-to-truth, and knowledge (Said Edward, p. 204). The author investigated in detail the relations between th e Eastern and the Western nations, which actually caused such a treatment and made even the academic world of the West is confident about their superiority upon the East, which causes such relations. Personally Said was confident that Orientalism did not deal with misinterpretation: My whole point about this system is not that it is a misrepresentation of some Oriental essence in which I do not for a moment believe but that it operates as representations usually do, for a purpose, according to a tendency, in a specific historical, intellectual, and even economic setting (Said Edward, p. 273). Said is roughly against the spread of internationalized ideas of Orientalism spread and practiced by the Arab elite and having their roots in the UK and the United States. It would be important to note that the Arab nations has their own unique culture, which is actually in some parts is really in the confrontation with so called Orientalism imagery, created by the West. The author considers that this has not only negative impact on the relations between the nations, but on the nations themselves, in particular the Arab nation: The four elements I have described expansion, historical confrontation, sympathy, classification are the currents in eighteenth-century thought on whose presence the specific intellectual and institutional structures of modern Orientalism depend (Said Edward, p. 120). The oppression of the Eastern nations, Arab nation in particular started far earlier than the event 9/11 occurred and observing the present day situation from the different perspectives it would be essential to note that the splash of this confrontation was due the event of 9/11, which stressed the Arab and the Western world and sharpened the confrontation. Before 9/11 the relationships between West and East has deteriorated consistently because western countries, headed by the US, oppressed the Arab world. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the development of the international relations before 9/11 was characterized by the growing tension between the US and its allies, on the one hand, and Arab and Muslim countries, on the other. As the matter of fact, terror attacks on 9/11 were, to a significant extent, determined by the negligence in relation to cultural norms and traditions as well as the socioeconomic situation and political development of Eastern countries. In this respect, Said Edward stands on the ground that the relationship between West and East were misbalanced. On extrapolating this idea on the international relations before and after 9/11, it is possible to estimate that 9/11 was an attempt of the Eastern, Islamic world to shatter the hegemony of the West in socioeconomic, political and cultural developmen t of the world. In fact, Western countries headed by the US strived to domination in the Middle East as well as in other regions, which traditionally attached to Islamic norms and traditions. In fact, the international relations before and after 9/11 were characterized by the dominating view on the international relations as the juxtaposition between West and the rest of the world. In this regard, Said Edward argues that the basic paradigm of West versus the rest (the cold war opposition reformulated) remained untouched, and this is what has persisted, often insidiously and implicitly, in discussion since the terrible events of September 11 (Said Edward, 118). What is meant here is the fact that the West contrasts itself to the rest of the world and people living in the West failed to view the world as a heterogeneous entity. Instead, they were accustomed to view the world from the western standpoint and they neglected other, alternative views. To put it in simple words, westerners had little idea of the East and they did not attempt to understand the East. Instead, they preferred to juxtapose to the East, develop confrontation against the East, and challenge the East just because it was different and it was not like the West. In this regard, Said Edward denies views of other specialists, who internalize problems of international relations. To put it more precisely, he is very skeptical about the idea that terror attacks occurred because of the internal development of Western and Eastern civilizations, which developed their own ideology, values and so on and eventually ended up in a clash, whereas 9/11 was just the mere manifestation of this clash between civilizations. In this respect, Said Edwards rejects views of researchers, who have much time to spare for the internal dynamics and plurality of every civilization, or for the fact that the major contest in most modern cultures concerns the definition or interpretation of each culture, or for the unattractiv e possibility that a great deal of demagogy and downright ignorance is involved in presuming to speak for a whole religion or civilization. No, the West is the West, and Islam Islam. (Said Edward, 118). He stands on the ground that the lack of mutual understanding and desire from the part of the West to understand the East, namely Islam and Muslim world led to the ongoing confrontation and the 9/11 terror attacks. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that before 9/11 the Muslim world experienced really hard times. The question of Western superiority was razed again. It goes without saying that Edward Said as the son of his nation could not stay indifferent to such a mistreatment and raised a discussion, trying to put things on their appropriate but never suitable places as the representatives of Western culture often do: Even the normally sober British weekly The Economist, in its issue of September 22-28, cant resist reaching for the vast generalization, praising Huntington extravagantly for his cruel and sweeping, but nonetheless acute observations about Islam. Today, the journal says with unseemly solemnity, Huntington writes that the worlds billion or so Muslims are convinced of the superiority of their culture, and obsessed with the inferiority of their power. Did he canvas 100 Indonesians, 200 Moroccans, 500 Egyptians and fifty Bosnians? Even if he did, what sort of sample is t hat? Uncountable are the editorials in every American and European newspaper and magazine of note adding to this vocabulary of gigantism and apocalypse, each use of which is plainly designed not to edify but to inflame the readers indignant passion as a member of the West, and what we need to do (Said Edward, 2001). The typical example of prejudice existing in the western society against Muslims and Islamic world can be revealed easily in the works written by Said Edward: This is the problem with unedifying labels like Islam and the West: They mislead and confuse the mind, which is trying to make sense of a disorderly reality that wont be pigeonholed or strapped down as easily as all that. I remember interrupting a man who, after a lecture I had given at a West Bank university in 1994, rose from the audience and started to attack my ideas as Western, as opposed to the strict Islamic ones he espoused. Why are you wearing a suit and tie? was the first retort that came to mind. Theyre Western too. He sat down with an embarrassed smile on his face, but I recalled the incident when information on the September 11 terrorists started to come in: how they had mastered all the technical details required to inflict their homicidal evil on the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and the aircraft they had comm andeered. Where does one draw the line between Western technology and, as Berlusconi declared, Islams inability to be a part of modernity? (Said Edward, 2001). These social boundaries raise a number of issues and the intensive desire to overcome them could not really help. That is why it is not actually surprising that Edward Said devoted so huge attention to the national and ethnic identity and defeated the facts that are the roots and the same time illustrative examples of these prejudice. Within this short passage the author described typical situation, when he was criticized by a so called pro-Western individual. Said Edward stands on the ground that representatives of the Islamic world face these prejudice from the very beginning till the end of their lives. The facts Edward Said uses for his research perfectly identify that the division on East and West is really lack of proved and well grounded pure facts. The only grounds for such an attitude and sharpening the destructive Orientalism are prejudice and stereotypes, which are actually nothing more than a myth. Taking into consideration the poll data it would be important to focus on the fact that the poll held Scripps Survey Research Center at Ohio University revealed that two thirds of the Americans consider that the government structures were well aware about the threat and had certain data, which could assist prevention of the terroristic acts but did not used this information. It goes without saying that two thirds of the Americans who support such point of view are potentially disregard Orientalism based prejudice and stereotypes dealing with the representative of the Arab nations, hence there is left one third, which would not stay indifferent. Edward Said was the one, who considered the occupation of Afghanistan and Iraq to be illegal, as this act is not better than terrorist attack and may be even worse, as it violates the norms of international law dealing with sovereignty of the state: The suicide bombing phenomenon has appeared with all its hideous damage, none more lurid and ap ocalyptic of course than the events of September 11 2001 and their aftermath in the wars against Afghanistan and Iraq. As I write these lines, the illegal occupation of Iraq by Britain and the United States proceeds. Its aftermath is truly awful to contemplate. This is all part of what is supposed to be a clash of civilisations, unending, implacable, irremediable. Nevertheless, I think not. I wish I could say that general understanding of the Middle East, the Arabs and Islam in the US has improved, butalas, it really hasnt. For all kinds of reasons, the situation in Europe seems to be considerably better (Said Edward, p. 3). The fact is that the representatives of Western civilizations sometimes act even worse than terrorists. American and British Armies killed thousands of civilian Arabians, children, they violated the rights of people and were even condemned by the international society. Therefore, Said Edward is right, when he argues that the lack of understanding of the Islamic world provoked the confrontation, whereas the traditional opposition the West v. the rest of the world, could hardly lead to any other outcome but the bloody clash between the West and the East, which occurred on 9/11. In fact, Eastern, Islamic countries attempted to oppose to the growing pressure from the part of the US. Their vision of international relations differed consistently from the vision imposed on the world by the US. For instance, Islamic countries had a different view on the solution of Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Eastern countries, such as Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan have chosen their own way of development, which was different from the western way of development. In such a way, Eastern countries have different position in international policies but the West, headed by the US, ignored the position of Eastern countries. At this point, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the US was and still is the only superpower in the world and Eastern countries could not oppose or resist to the US, even if they united their efforts. They could not confront the only superpower in the open struggle. Nevertheless, Eastern countries grew more and more dissatisfied with the global policies and international relations imposed on them by the US. Hence, the opposition to the West grew stronger and led to the emergence of terrorist movements, such as Al Qaeda, which was actually responsible for terror attacks on 9/11. To put it more precisely, as Said Edward argued, the Islamic world stayed to be the Islamic world with its traditions, norms and beliefs. Representatives of this world, which was different from the West, were ready to defend their views and beliefs by all possible means. The hegemony of the US as the only superpower gave them little options to choose the method of struggle and the terrorism be came the major and, probably, the most effective method of struggle of the East against the oppression and domination of the West. Al Qaeda had proved to be quite successful recruiting thousands of members worldwide. Remarkably, this terrorist organization focused on the most radicalized parts of the world, such as Afghanistan or Pakistan, as well as Iran and Indonesia where radical Islamist ideas were popular and still relevant. Al Qaeda had a solid ideological basis in these countries and could recruit new members easily, whereas the desperate socioeconomic position of the population in these countries increased the popularity of Al Qaeda. At the same time, the main reason for the popularity of Al Qaeda among the population of Eastern countries. To put it more precisely, they were ready to support the power, which they believed to stand for their traditions, culture, interests and needs. In such a context, Al Qaeda positioned itself as the organization that struggles for the value s of Islam and protects Muslims from the oppression from the part of the US and other non-Islamic countries of the world. In other words, Al Qaeda personified the power that challenged the US and stood for Muslims. Hence, many people supported and still support this organization. At this point, it is possible to refer to the experience of other terrorist organization, such as Hezbollah, which has gained the public support in Lebanon because, even though this organization used terror attacks as the main method of its struggle, this organization proved to be the only power capable to resist effectively to Israel. The same trend can be traced in regard to Al Qaeda, which positioned itself as the only power capable to resist to the hegemony of the US and which was eager to support the Islamic world and Muslims worldwide. After 9/11 the West viewed Al Qaeda as the major threat and terrorist organization, whereas the East viewed Al Qaeda as a powerful organization that challenged the West and attempted to preserve the traditional values of the East and protect interests of Muslims. However, such an effect of the terror attacks conducted by 9/11 because, as Said Edward said the West is the West, and Islam is Islam, i.e. each civilization views the terror attacks from its own standpoint and, therefore, the attitude of people in the West and in the East to 9/11 differs. In the end it would be essential to focus on the fact that the Arab nations have to face severe difficulties in their everyday life and the grounds for these difficulties are Orientalism based prejudice and stereotypes, which impact the everyday life as Western as well as Eastern society. Edward Said was the one who valued national and ethnic identity very high, but the same time he was the one who stressed that the national diversity could never became a reasonable ground for interracial misunderstanding and development of prejudice. He always stated on the fact of equality between the representatives of all the nations in the world. A number of people share the same ideas on Orientalism, which is based on the centuries developed prejudice and stereotypes. International relations revealed the hegemony of the US and western civilization. In such a situation, terror attacks on 9/11 became the only effective response to the oppression of Eastern countries by the US. Al Qaeda became a s ymbol of the struggle for independence and traditional values in the East, and the enemy number one in the West. In such a way, the West carries on its ideology of the opposition of the West vs. the rest of the world.

Wind Power in the Near Future Essay -- Energy Mechanics Essays

Wind Power in the Near Future Today many people are anxious about energy for the future, as it seems realistic that petroleum energy will someday run out and since some environmental problems caused by petroleum use are getting worse. As alternatives to today’s main energy source, oil, some others have been proposed already, such as solar, water, biomass, and nuclear. Wind Power is the one of the ways that has the biggest potential and is the most practical. And it is predicted to play an important role in electrical generation for the new era. But to think wind power will be the dominant energy source can be too optimistic. How will wind power be used? To what extent will wind power take the place of petroleum? We can find the answers in some recently published articles. The article â€Å"Wind Farm to be Established in the Netherlands,† refers to the case of BA and Chevron Texaco, the major petroleum companies, which are constructing a wind farm near Rotterdam. The article reports that this wind farm will generate the low emission electricity for 20,000 households and help the stability of the electricity market. And in the article â€Å"Power into the Future,† Ken Eastwood reports on the position of wind power in Australia. Until now mainly coal has been used in Australia, but in 2001, the federal government of Australia announced that within 10 years an extra 2 per cent of the country’s power must be produced by renewable sources, in order to reduce global warming. Eastwood said the electric generating system would shift from a small amount of huge generators to smaller but widely distributed ones. Wind power can be produced locally on a small scale. One example from Ravenshoe, a small town in northeast Australia, is shown. There... ...leum based energy, but up to a single digit percent of total. It seems that the use of wind power will be limited in both it’s amount and location. And most likely, it will be used in combination with other methods. Works Cited American Wind Energy Association. â€Å"Wind Energy: An Untapped Resource.† Ken Eastwood. â€Å"Power into the Future.† Australian Geographic, Jul-Sep 2002, Issue 67. Harris Cassius A. â€Å"Wind Farm to be Established in the Netherlands.† Civil Engineering, Mar 2002, Vol. 72, Issue 3. Walt Patterson. â€Å"Pioneered the Concept of Distributed Micropower Generation.† Scientific American, Dec 2004, Vol. 291, Issue 6. Joe Provey. â€Å"Off the Grid.† Popular Mechanics, Mar 2005, Vol. 182, Issue 3. Peter Schwartz and Reiss Spencer. â€Å"Nuclear Now.† Wired, Feb 2005, p 78~83. â€Å"Wind Turbines Taking Toll on Birds of Prey.† USA Today, Jan 05, 2005. Wind Power in the Near Future Essay -- Energy Mechanics Essays Wind Power in the Near Future Today many people are anxious about energy for the future, as it seems realistic that petroleum energy will someday run out and since some environmental problems caused by petroleum use are getting worse. As alternatives to today’s main energy source, oil, some others have been proposed already, such as solar, water, biomass, and nuclear. Wind Power is the one of the ways that has the biggest potential and is the most practical. And it is predicted to play an important role in electrical generation for the new era. But to think wind power will be the dominant energy source can be too optimistic. How will wind power be used? To what extent will wind power take the place of petroleum? We can find the answers in some recently published articles. The article â€Å"Wind Farm to be Established in the Netherlands,† refers to the case of BA and Chevron Texaco, the major petroleum companies, which are constructing a wind farm near Rotterdam. The article reports that this wind farm will generate the low emission electricity for 20,000 households and help the stability of the electricity market. And in the article â€Å"Power into the Future,† Ken Eastwood reports on the position of wind power in Australia. Until now mainly coal has been used in Australia, but in 2001, the federal government of Australia announced that within 10 years an extra 2 per cent of the country’s power must be produced by renewable sources, in order to reduce global warming. Eastwood said the electric generating system would shift from a small amount of huge generators to smaller but widely distributed ones. Wind power can be produced locally on a small scale. One example from Ravenshoe, a small town in northeast Australia, is shown. There... ...leum based energy, but up to a single digit percent of total. It seems that the use of wind power will be limited in both it’s amount and location. And most likely, it will be used in combination with other methods. Works Cited American Wind Energy Association. â€Å"Wind Energy: An Untapped Resource.† Ken Eastwood. â€Å"Power into the Future.† Australian Geographic, Jul-Sep 2002, Issue 67. Harris Cassius A. â€Å"Wind Farm to be Established in the Netherlands.† Civil Engineering, Mar 2002, Vol. 72, Issue 3. Walt Patterson. â€Å"Pioneered the Concept of Distributed Micropower Generation.† Scientific American, Dec 2004, Vol. 291, Issue 6. Joe Provey. â€Å"Off the Grid.† Popular Mechanics, Mar 2005, Vol. 182, Issue 3. Peter Schwartz and Reiss Spencer. â€Å"Nuclear Now.† Wired, Feb 2005, p 78~83. â€Å"Wind Turbines Taking Toll on Birds of Prey.† USA Today, Jan 05, 2005.

Compare And Contrast Japan And China Essay

China and Japan, both with thousand years of ancient culture and civilization history, share numerous similarities and differences. Confucianism is a collectivist based value system which embraces a set of moral codes of behavior designed to regulate the relationships between ruler and subject, father and son, friend and neighbor, husband and wife, and brother and brother. Even though both China and Japan employed Confucianism as the state ideology, there were many features of Confucianism in the two countries that shaped each country’s societies. China and Japan isolated themselves from the rest of the world in the beginning, but later on, the differences in response to the pressure from the West led them to different paths. This essay is going to compare and contrast two main differences between Japan and China, which include a cultural legacy known as Confucianism and the response to the West in 19th century. To begin with, Confucianism stresses particular social relationsh ips, but it is also a universal moral code, which makes it easy for the Japanese adoption. However, the Japanese transform it in their way and to a certain degree Confucian concepts are applied to relationships carrying a different meaning from those in China. At its most basic of culture, Chinese morality is founded on the family structure, with the most important social ties being that of parent and child and its blood-related family clans. The Japanese moral system is founded on a set of kinship relations that go beyond blood ties or extend to members who have no blood relationship, with the primary tie being that between leader and follower. Therefore, Japanese political culture is more group-oriented, more tribal, or more radical. Another example is the paired concepts of loyalty and filial piety that characterize the two cultures. These two values are related: both are the duties we owe to our superiors. Loyalty is our duty to our ruler, and filial piety is our duty to our parents. Both came into the Japanese culture as part of the Confucian influence, but they are treated differently in China and Japan. In China, â€Å"filial piety or reverence for parents is the most important of these  relationships and the one that binds the Confucian moral system together. Confucianists assume that if everyone internalizes such ‘family values,’ society will come into tune with heaven, and harmony, contentment, and prosperity will ensue as a matter of course† (Miller, John H). When there is a conflict between the two, our duty to our parents usually outweighs that to the ruler. In Japan, the Japanese do not acknowledge this tension or contradiction: one is a filial child only if one gives loyal service to one’s superior. Therefore, loyalty is expressed in unquestioning slave-like obedience and implies total selfless devotion to one’s lord. In other words, loyalty in the Japanese culture usually take precedence over filial piety. In addition, harmony, rather than competition, is one of the core Confucian ideas and the concept that helps to shape both Chinese and Japanese political cultures. Both China and Japan are highly â€Å"collectivistic† societies under the Confucian influence, in which each person is born and melt into a collective entity either family, clan, group, society, or state, each person knows his or her status and identity in relation to others in social relations, and each person is required to conform to the collective values. However, in Japan, more emphasis is placed on group orientation and loyalty to the group, for it is the group that gives one a social identity, provides a feeling of security, and receives the rewards of service. Not only the household and the village but also colleagues, fellow students, neighbors, and even industrial sectors constitute the important groups from which one acquires social status and identity. The Second Imperialism of the 19th century, driven by both America and Western Europe profoundly affected Africa and Asia. In Asia, both Japan and China were impacted, but in very different ways. Japan was able to ward off the threats of imperialism, and emerge as a world power. China, on the other hand, suffered the loss of sovereignty and status. The elites of both countries responded to the challenges posed by Western penetration by initiating reforms. In Japan, the Meiji regime chose to remake themselves entirely through Westernization, while in China, the Qing government chose instead to hold on to traditional Chinese values and institutions. China’s efforts at reform, the Self-Strengthening Movements, was in essential traditional answers to traditional problems. There was no significant, large-scale industrialization in China, and they displayed  little willingness to abandon traditional imperial institutions that were incapable to dealing with contemporary problems. Chinese cultural pride was just too deeply ingrained, so much so that it became an impediment, blinding many Chinese and preventing them from recognizing the need to learn from the barbarians and for fundamental change. On the other hand, Japanese efforts to adopt foreign technology to meet their military and industrial needs were largely successful. The Meiji regime, however, saw that military technology and industrialization could not be separated from institutional structures that had produced and accompanied such developments in the West, and showed little hesitation in transforming or abolishing traditional institutions in favor of those that could give Japan the modernity it needed to survive. Overall, the Meiji Restoration was a tremendous success for the Japanese and allowed them to join the ranks of Western new imperial powers. Both nations pursued the goal of a â€Å"rich nation and strong army† as the way to modernization through the Self-Strengthening Movement in C hina and the Meiji Restoration in Japan. However, most of the reforms in the Self-Strengthening Movement belonged to the surface layer of modernization which included manufacturing technology of military and light and heavier industries, and certain infrastructures. The reforms in the Meiji Restoration not only replicated the material manufacturing technology, but also touched the inner and deeper parts of Western civilization that included political structures and legal systems, and Western types of philosophy, culture and ways of thinking. China and Japan, due to geographical proximity, historical, and cultural ties, have many similarities and differences. Confucianism played a very important part in both Chinese and Japanese, but their different understandings in many same concepts lead to different cultures and societies. In addition, during the nineteenth century, facing the pressure of the West, different responses changes the fate of China and Japan. Chinese responded to the Opium Wars and western intrusion through a combination of challenging the West, embracing traditional ways, challenging the Qing Dynasty, or seeking moderate reforms. Japan, though never conquered, responded to the intrusion of West quite differently. Rather than looking to the past, the Japanese sought to emulate the West. During the Meiji Restoration, Japan modernized. Japan sought to avoid China’s fate by adopting aspects of Western culture and faced a turning point in its history. Works Cited Miller, John H. â€Å"Belief Systems and Religions.† Modern East Asia: An Introductory History. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2008. 19. Print.

Violent Toys and Children Essays

Violent Toys and Children Essays Violent Toys and Children Essay Violent Toys and Children Essay From larning playthings to miniature autos. playthings have ever been an influence on kids. Young kids have trouble dividing facts from phantasy. Children learn through drama. and they learn by illustration. It is through inventive drama that the kid begins to larn some of the functions and behaviors of society. Learning to collaborate. negotiate. take bends and drama by the regulations are all of import accomplishments learned through drama. The accomplishment larning procedure through drama and games is applied in Montessori kindergartens which have turned out to successful method of learning all around the universe. Young male childs and misss have ever looked up to their Barbies or grew in exhilaration when watching their Hot Wheelz fly around the path seeking to get away the jaws of a shark. Many of these playthings are get downing to develop to be more realistic such as nerf guns or ground forces figures. With promotions in engineering. an increasing sum kids are get downing to play on their tablet or other digital device instead than playing with physical playthings. Violent toys weren’t as accessible to kids a few old ages back. and since. kids have shown an addition in force of ages 10 and up. It is of import that violent playthings are monitored because they are easy accessible. are funded by the ground forces and is going progressively popular in video games but these issues can be easy prevented by parents. Some of the most popular playthings recently have been of plaything guns or violent statuettes which populate the shelves at plaything shops. Violent playthings are in an copiousness and are easy accessible to kids. The M2 Research company did a survey which showed that 91 % of childs between the ages of 8-11 drama the popular shoot-them-up war game. Call of Duty . This game is made for an older audience and has an ESRB evaluation of M for Mature. It is rated M because of blood and Gore. intense force. strong linguistic communication which is non something an 8 twelvemonth old should be exposed to. Many toy shops now place their violent points on the first shelf in forepart of the entryway because of their success in the market. Violent playthings can be purchased in many shops around a metropolis. including local dollar shops. Games like Call of Duty are even being sold at Toys R’ Us franchises. despite their Mature evaluation. It is non difficult to see that violent plaything and picture games sell when characters like Master Chief from Microsoft’s successful Halo franchise become the face of specific picture game consoles. such as the XBOX . Children are able to larn about their civilization through the playthings that they play with. If a kid was asked what a gun was. they would be able to place it from the GI Joe they were playing with. As stated earlier. violent playthings are easy to come by and would be a daunting undertaking for a parent to forbid their kid from utilizing them. Harmonizing to an Article in the New York Times. The U. S. Military and the American Toy industry have a long clip history of working together. Both parties benefit from the relationship. War toys non merely have negative impacts on child’s behaviors but they help in cultivating any negative thoughts. even set up some beliefs on their heads that may non be suited for them. Some experts argue that war playthings are besides used as a propaganda tool that portray one group as right and powerful whereas the enemies to be less powerful and incorrect. It is parents’ counsel that is necessary to maintain their kids off from such playthings that propagate violent sadistic behaviors in them every bit good as assist them get away from the propaganda pit. The relationship is non a manus off. but in fact a trade. The ground forces does non merely fund plaything development. but it besides develops its arms and vehicles off playthings. For illustration. the M-16 rifle is really based of a merchandise of Mattel. Other inspirational points include. SuperSoakers ( for quick-loading rifles ) . theoretical account planes ( recon drones ) . and video game accountants ( for robotic vehicles ) . By making new military promotions off of plaything. the ground forces is able to develop today’s military personnels as kids. Younger kids have embraced electronic playthings. and so hold the ground forces. The Institute for Creative Technologies. is a company created by the ground forces in 1999. It is a cooperation between the amusement. video game and computing machine scientific discipline industries and the Army to develop preparation simulations. These preparation simulations are made to be every bit close to world as possible by utilizing high definition artworks. realistic arms and entertaining narrative lines to make an immersive grade of world a participant experiences. which is a cardinal gross revenues property in the picture game market. and critical in a military simulation. The Army now has its ain game. America’s Army. which can be downloaded without charge from its enrolling Web site. AmericasArmy. com. At the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory. a 15-inch unmanned truck called the Dragon Runner. is guided by a six-button computer keyboard modeled after Sony’s PlayStation 2 picture game control. Military interior decorators felt confident that soldiers would be familiar with it. and partly trained to utilize it. The Dragon smuggler can establish with the usage of a bungee cord or merely a flip of the arm. similar to dally planes that a kid would play with. In today’s modern society where violent picture games make a big per centum of the industry. many kids turn to their picture games than board games or other playthings. As past U. S. Senator Joseph Lieberman ( 1998 ) stated late. these games †¦ are portion of a toxic civilization of force that is enfolding our kids. that is assisting to desensitise them and film over lines between right and incorrect. and promoting some of the most vulnerable of them to perpetrate violence . In fact. playing violent picture games was implicated as a possible contributory factor in schoolyard slaughters. specifically at Columbine High and Westside Middle School in 1999. Despite the turning concern. kids still seem to be passing more clip playing video games. A recent study released by the Kaiser Family Foundation ( 1999 ) reveals that a bulk of 2 to 18-year-old kids in the U. S. have entree to a picture game console in their place. About three-fourths of all kids surveyed have at least one console. Besides. a 3rd of all kids in this age group have a picture game system in their ain room. The information from this survey besides shows that 8 to 18-year-old male childs spend 41 proceedingss per twenty-four hours playing picture games whereas misss in this age group spend merely 12 proceedingss. These findings suggest that many kids non merely hold entree to place bet oning systems. but besides spend at least some clip every twenty-four hours playing such. Several surveies have examined the impact that gambling has on individuals’ aggressive inclinations. Some of the research conducted in the 1980s found a relationship between game playing and aggression. Video games in the 1980s did non even compare to the realistic picture games of today and were much less violent. Consistent with this thought. more recent grounds found by the University of New South Whales suggests a positive relationship between playing synergistic violent media and aggressive. and prefer violent gambling content. There is besides a turning organic structure research done by Stoney Brook University that shows a nexus between playing violent picture games and aggressive ideas. readings. and/or behavior. The same research workers revealed that playing violent picture games is significantly associated to aggressive behavior. As a consequence from all this research. it ecomes of import to analyze merely how much force is in video games popular with young person. Although the research shows how negative violent picture games can be on society. their popularity continues to increase. There are more than 40. 000. 000 transcripts of Call of Duty. the most popular franchise. in the U. S. entirely. Violence provides an immersive bang that chiefly males are hardwired to bask and this sells the merchandise. Children are invariably detecting the universe around them and with the influence of violent playthings. it is of import that parents take a balanced attack by monitoring and seting the positions towards force. It will be a hard challenge to set an terminal to force in plaything and media. and for greater odds of success. it is of import that parents conform their child’s positions toward force. Wholly cutting of a kid from violent playthings and games may back-fire as the kid may want the forbidden. Keeping a weapon does non do all kids possible slayers. but if explained. can instead be used for murdering firedrakes with their imaginativeness. Parents should besides look into the Entertainment Software Ratings Board ( ESRB ) displayed on all video game covers. The ESRB informs parents on the content within the game. and its age-appropriateness. Parental controls are besides available on all new picture game consoles. Parents can utilize these controls to forbid content they do non O.K. of in games and even media that is streamed through the devices. Parents should besides restrict the usage of violent points in their family to cut down opportunities of their kid going obsessed. It is possible that a kid becomes emotionally attached to their favorite plaything. which may act upon them in the long tally. Violence has made its manner into the mean place through children’s playthings and picture games. the same plaything that are funded by the military. but has been progressively relevant in video games. although this can be solved through parents’ actions. Violence playthings are non needfully a bad thing. but should still be watched carefully as different kids react to it in different ways. Many childs enjoy holding a nerf gun war with their fellow equals and do non stop up going consecutive slayers. Until farther and more concrete research has been done. we will non genuinely cognize the consequence of violent playthings on kids.

Musings on the Uses of Abash

Musings on the Uses of Abash Musings on the Uses of â€Å"Abash† Musings on the Uses of â€Å"Abash† By Maeve Maddox The word abash has always seemed to me to belong more to the literary sphere than to the workplace. That’s why I did a double-take when I read this on a site dedicated to marketing: A corporation operating in a capitalist society has the obligation to make a profit. It does not have the obligation to make friends, except where/when that would lead to profit.  It does not have an obligation to abash itself at every possible opportunity. I wondered if the word was being used as a synonym for â€Å"bash† in the sense of â€Å"disparage.† As a transitive verb abash means To destroy the self-possession or confidence of (any one), to put out of countenance, confound, discomfit, or check with a sudden consciousness of shame, presumption, error, or the like.  Ã‚  OED. Older literature provides plenty of examples of the use of abash as a verb: That you are a princess does not abash me, but that you are you is enough to make me doubt my sanity as I ask you, my princess, to be mine. A Princess of Mars, Edgar Rice Burroughs The titter that rippled around the room appeared to abash the boy, but in reality that result was caused rather more by his worshipful awe of his unknown idol and the dread pleasure that lay in his high good fortune. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain. (The teacher has just sent Tom to sit with the girls.) Most of the examples I find in recent writing use the -ed form abashed to describe a person whom a remark or occurrence has caused to feel embarrassed, humiliated, or ashamed. Bruce had the sense to look abashed as he came out of his office looking dry and handsome and seeing Betty standing next to her desk dripping and wet. (review of an Ugly Betty episode) Though he does his best to cover himself with his hands and look abashed, Stiller merely comes off as ridiculous. (review of Ben Stiller movie) She seems to look abashed in her photos all tarted-up for the media. (comment on Scarlett Johansson’s publicity photos) According to the OED, the reflexive use is obsolete, but it is in use on the web: dont abash yourself for jumping the gun Do You Abash Yourself With These Negotiating Mistakes? when we believed the GOP could not abash itself any more it The strangestand most abundantuse of abash that I found was in gibberish postings like these: I deliberate on the most impressive horror you desideratum to do when starting in a home based affair is to figure out your budget before you start and stick to it.   Don’t abash yourself in a fix financially where you last will and testament be hurt if it doesn’t   This is from a site purporting to provide information for running a home based business. You don t charge to be a hero and do everything, and anticipate of everything, yourself. Abhorrence to acquaint you this but, if you alpha out you DON T understand aggregate ok so don t abash yourself by cerebration you do The second example had a byline. I was surprised that anyone would put her name to such stuff. Then I found one of my own posts transformed into gibberish with my name still attached to it. A group of fiction sites connector to posts on the DailyWritingTips neighbourhood. We like that. Sometimes they overreach a clear up excerpt followed alongside a connector to the remainder of the article on our neighbourhood. I date nothing falter with that. (Original here) Bottom line on abash: by all means, use abash when it seems to be just the right word. Just remember that it does not mean the same thing as bash. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartYay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other AcclamationsGrammatical Case in English

Transformational Leaders Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Transformational Leaders - Assignment Example They act as role models, thereby demonstrating integrity in their working relationships. Moreover, they challenge themselves and their colleagues to higher levels of morality and motivation. They set clear goals, have high expectations in addition to encouraging and supporting their teammates. Not only do they stir the emotions of their co-players, they also get them to look beyond their self-interest and inspire them to reach the improbable (Bass & Riggio, 2006). Nelson Mandela did all the above for South Africa. He gave his people hope during a very difficult period and brought about democracy after years of apartheid. Transformational leaders make decisions bearing their teammates in mind. They do not enter leadership positions to meet their own selfish agendas. Decisions made by such leaders are aimed at improving the situation at hand and coming up with solutions for current challenges. Nelson Mandela humbled himself and went to visit Widow Betsie Vorwoer in a bid to bring healing to South Africa despite staying in jail for 27 years. In addition, culture plays a role in transformational leaders. Take Mandela for instance the culture of apartheid in his country motivated him to fight against it. The present circumstance pushes such leaders to bring about change in the society that they live in. Leaders such as Socrates, Abraham, and Gandhi were all motivated by the ways of the society they lived in. I believe that I am a transformational leader. I came to this realization after leading the Red Cross team in raising money to visit a children’s home and donate food and necessities to the less fortunate in the society. I was able to mobilize my team members in addition to motivating them to do their best when we were in the field. I set certain goals some of which we were able to meet and the rest are in progress. I did not give up despite the challenges we faced. Our actions brought about change to those children and we plan to visit them

Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Midterm - Essay Example hy of Islamic was a continuous operation that was started by the Roman and Greek scholarship that was considered lost and found by Christian in Europe. They added their already have knowledge in Al-Idrisi, Ibn-Batuta, and Ibn-Khaldun. The various collections and translations the Islamic scholars have, provided the knowledge to the rest of the world. Judgments that involve geographical matters have various disciplinary perspectives. Economically, the oil sands contributed greatly over the economy of Canada over the next ten years. Politically, the Alberta government portrays more political capability in handling difficult instance raised by oil sands. Legally, it is unconstitutional for sovereign nation to impose regulations and guidelines on the producers of oil sands. Environmentally, the pollution generated from the production of oil sand is a disaster for the domestic environment. Ethically, the domestic residents are treated fairly by multinational organizations that work on the project. Additionally, the judgment can be derived from perspectives of various regions like western Canada, northern Alberta, United States and Middle East. The assessment can be positive from a single point of view and undesirable from another angle. For instance, coming up with Alberta sands appear to be desirable economically, but undesirable en vironmentally. a) Political geography is a section of geography, that integrated the geographical and political platform in a single platform. Addtionally, it deas with geography that highlights the political framework of a nation. Political geography entails studying politics connected to factors like states and territories. Enclave is a situation where by a single nation exists in another nation. The perfect example of an enclave is UAE and Oman. Exclave is a section of a nation located distantly from the nation or in another nation. A perfect example for an exclave is Alaska and Oman. d) Human geography can be explained as the number